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Group 2

Group 2 biological agent can cause human disease and might be a hazard to workers; it is unlikely to spread to the community; there is usually effective prophylaxis or treatment available

 

Fig. Escherichia coli

A - Possible allergic effects

D - List of workers exposed to this biological agent to be kept for more than 10 years after the end of last known exposure

T - Toxin production

V - Effective vaccine available and registered within the EU

(b) Hepatitis delta virus is pathogenic in workers only in the presence of simultaneous or secondary infection caused by hepatitis B virus. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus will therefore protect workers who are not affected by hepatitis B virus against hepatitis delta virus
(c) Only for types A and B
(d) Recommended for work involving direct contact with these agents
(e) Two viruses are identified: one a buffalopox type and the other a variant of the Vaccinia virus
(f) Variant of cowpox virus
(g) Variant of Vaccinia
(h) At present there is no evidence of disease in humans caused by the other retroviruses of simian origin. As a precaution containment level 3 is recommended for work with them.
For biological agents appearing on this list, the entry of the whole genus with the addition of “spp.” refers to other species belonging to this genus that have not specifically been included in the list, but which are known pathogens in humans.

 

Viruses have been listed according to their order (O), family (F) and genus (G).

 

BACTERIA
and similar organisms

Notes

Actinomadura madurae

 

Actinomadura pelletieri

 

Actinomyces gerencseriae

 

Actinomyces israeli

 

Actinomyces spp.

 

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans)

 

Anaplasma spp.

 

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (Corynebacterium haenolyticum)

 

Arcobacter butzleri

 

Bacteroides fragilis

 

Bacteroides spp.

 

Bartonella bacillifonnis

 

Bartonella quintana (Rochalimaea quintana)

 

Bartonella (Rochalinea) spp.

 

Bordetella bronchiseptica (Pałeczka oskrzelowa)

 

Bordetella parapertussis

 

Bordetella pertussis

T, V

Bordetella spp.

 

Borrelia burgdorferi

 

Borrelia duttonii

 

Borrelia recurrentis

 

Borrelia spp.

 

Brachyspira spp.

 

Brevibacterium linens

A

Burkholderia cepacia

 

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

 

Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

 

Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei

 

Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni

 

Campylobacter spp.

 

Cardiobacterium hominis

 

Cardiobacterium valvarum

 

Chlamydia abortus (Chlamydophila abortus)

 

Chlamydia caviae (Chlamydophila caviae)

 

Chlamydia felis (Chlamydophila felis)

 

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Chlamydophila pneumoniae)

 

Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci) (other than avian strains)

 

Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydophila trachomatis)

 

Clostridium botulinum

T

Clostridium difficile

T

Clostridium perfringens

T

Clostridium tetani

T, V

Clostridium spp.

 

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

T, V

Corynebacterium minutissimum

 

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

T

Corynebacterium ulcerans

T

Corynebacterium spp.

 

Cytophaga allerginae

A, T

Edwardsiella tarda

 

Ehrlichia spp.

 

Eikenella corrodens

 

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Flavobacterium meningosepticum)

 

Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis)

 

Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae (Enterobacter cloacae)

 

Enterobacter spp.

 

Enterococcus spp.

 

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Włoskowiec różycy)

 

Escherichia coli (with the exeption of non-pathogenic strains)

 

Fluoribacter bozemanae (Legionella bozemaniae)

 

Francisella hispaniensis

 

Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica

 

Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica

 

Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida

 

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

 

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

 

Gardnerella vaginalis (Pałeczka pochwowa)

 

Haemophilus ducreyi

 

Haemophilus influenzae

V

Haemophilus spp.

 

Helicobacter pylori

 

Helicobacter spp.

 

Klebsiella oxytoca

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae

 

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis

 

Klebsiella spp.

 

Legionella pneumophila subsp. fraseri

 

Legionella pneumophila subsp. pascullei

 

Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila

 

Legionella spp.

 

Leptospira interrogans (all serovars)

 

Leptospira spp.

 

Listeria monocytogenes (Pałeczka listeriozy)

 

Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii

 

Listeria invanovii subsp. londoniensis

 

Morganella morganii subsp. morganii (Proteus morganii)

 

Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii

 

Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus

 

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Mycobacterium avium)

 

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)

 

Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum

 

Mycobacterium chelonae

 

Mycobacterium chimaera

 

Mycobacterium fortuitum

 

Mycobacterium intracellulare

 

Mycobacterium kansasii

 

Mycobacterium malmoense

 

Mycobacterium marinum

 

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

 

Mycobacterium simiae

 

Mycobacterium szulgai

 

Mycobacterium xenopi

 

Mycoplasma hominis

 

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

 

Mycoplasma spp.

 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

 

Neisseria meningitidis

V

Neorickettsia sennetsu (Rickettsia sennetsu, Ehrlichia sennetsu)

 

Nocardia asteroides

 

Nocardia brasiliensis

 

Nocardia farcinica

 

Nocardia nova

 

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum

 

Nocardia spp.

 

Pantoea agglomerans

A, T

Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida (Pasteurella gallicida)

 

Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida

 

Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica

 

Pasteurella spp.

 

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

 

Plesiomonas shigelloides

 

Porphyromonas spp.

 

Prevotella spp.

 

Proteus mirabilis

 

Proteus penneri

 

Proteus vulgaris

 

Providencia alcalifaciens (Proteus inconstans)

 

Providencia rettgeri (Proteus rettgeri)

 

Providencia spp.

 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

T

Rhodococcus hoagii (Corynebacterium equi)

 

Rickettsia canadensis

 

Rickettsia montanensis

 

Rickettsia spp.

 

Saccharomonospora viridis

A

Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

A

Salmonella enterica (choleraesuis) subsp. arizonae

 

Salmonella Enteritidis

 

Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C

V

Salmonella Typhimurium

 

Salmonella (other serovars)

 

Shigella boydii

 

Shigella dysenteriae, inne niż Typ 1

 

Shigella flexneri

 

Shigella sonnei

 

Staphylococcus aureus

T

Streptobacillus moniliformis

 

Streptococcus agalactiae

 

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

T, V

Streptococcus pyogenes

T

Streptococcus suis

 

Streptococcus spp.

 

Streptomyces albus

A

Streptomyces spp.

A

Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus

A

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris

A

Treponema caratem

 

Treponema pallidum

 

Treponema pertenue

 

Treponema spp.

 

Trueperella pyogenes

 

Ureaplasma parvum

 

Ureaplasma urealyticum

 

Vibrio cholerae (including El Tor)

T, V

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Benecka parahaemolytica)

 

Vibrio spp.

 

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterolitica

 

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica

 

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

 

Yersinia spp.

 

VIRUSES

Bunyavirales (O)

 

  Hantaviridae (F)

 

    Orthohantavirus (G)

 

Prospect Hill Orthohantavirus

 

Puumala Orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Nephropathia Epidemica [NE])

 

Other hantaviruses known to be pathogenic

 

  Nairoviridae (F)

 

    Orthonairovirus (G)

 

Dugbe Orthonairovirus

 

Hazara Orthonairovirus

 

Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus

 

Other nairoviruses known to be pathogenic

 

  Peribunyaviridae (F)

 

    Orthobunyavirus (G)

 

Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus (Germiston virus)

 

California encephalitis orthobunyavirus

 

Other orthobunyaviruses known to be pathogenic

 

  Phenuiviridae (F)

 

    Phlebovirus

 

Bhanja phlebovirus

 

Punta Toro phlebovirus

 

Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus (Toscana Virus)

 

Other phleboviruses known to be pathogenic

 

Herpesvirales (O)

 

  Herpesviridae (F)

 

    Cytomegalovirus (G)

 

Human betaherpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus)

 

    Lymphocryptovirus (G)

 

Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)

 

    Rhadinoovirus (G)

 

Human gammaherpesvirus 8

D

    Roseolovirus (G)]

 

Human betaherpesvirus 6A (Human B-lymphotropic virus)

 

Human betaherpesvirus 6B

 

Human betaherpesvirus 7

 

   Simplexvirus (G)

 

Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Human herpesvirus 1, Herpes simplex virus type 1)

 

Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (Human herpesvirus 2, Herpes simplex virus type 2)

 

    Varicellovirus (G)

 

Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (Herpesvirus varicella-zoster)

V

Mononegavirales (O)

 

  Paramyxoviridae (F)

 

    Avulavirus (G)

 

Newcastle disease virus

 

    Morbillivirus (G)

 

Measles morbillivirus

V

    Respirovirus (G)

 

Human respirovirus 1 (Parainfluenza virus 1)

 

Human respirovirus 3 (Parainfluenza virus 3)

 

    Rubulavirus (G)

 

Mumps rubulavirus

V

Human rubulavirus 2 (Parainfluenza virus 2)

 

Human rubulavirus 4 (Parainfluenza virus 4)

 

  Pneumoviridae (F)

 

    Metapneumovirus (G)

 

    Orthopneumovirus (G)

 

Human orthopneumovirus (Respiratory syncytial virus)

 

  Rhabdoviridae (F)

 

    Vesiculovirus (G)

 

Vesicular stomatitis virus, Alagoas vesiculovirus

 

Vesicular stomatitis virus, Indiana vesiculovirus

 

Vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey vesiculovirus

 

Piry vesiculovirus (Piry virus)

 

Nidovirales (O)

 

  Coronaviridae (F)

 

    Betakoronavirus (G)

 

Other Coronaviridae known to be pathogenic

 

Pikornavirales (O)

 

  Picornaviridae (F)

 

    Cardiovirus (G)

 

Saffold virus

 

    Cosavirus (G)

 

Cosawirus A

 

    Enterovirus (G)

 

Enterowirus A

 

Enterowirus B

 

Enterowirus C

 

Enterovirus D, Human Enterovirus type 70 (Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus)

 

Rhinoviruses

 

Poliovirus, type 1 and 3

V

    Hepatovirus (G)

 

Hepatovirus A (Hepatitis A virus, Human Enterovirus type 72)

V

    Kobuvirus (G)

 

Aichiwirus A (Aichi virus 1)

 

    Parechovirus (G)

 

Parechovirus A

 

Parechovirus B (Ljungan virus)

 

Other Picornaviridae known to be pathogenic

 

Unassigned (O)

 

  Adenoviridae (F)

 

  Astroviridae (F)

 

  Arenaviridae (F)

 

    Mammarenavirus (G)

 

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, neurotropic strains

 

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus (other strains)

 

Mobala mammarenawirus

 

Mopeia mammarenawirus

 

Tacaribe mammarenawirus

 

  Caliciviridae (F)

 

    Norovirus (G)

 

Norovirus (Norwalk virus)

 

Other Caliciviridae known to be pathogenic

 

  Hepeviridae (F)

 

    Ortohepevirus (G)

 

Orthohepevirus A (Hepatitis E virus)

 

  Flaviviridae (F)

 

   Flavivirus (G)

 

Zika virus

 

Other flaviviruses known to be pathogenic

 

  Orthomyxoviridae (F)

 

    Gammainfluenzavirus (G)

 

Influenza C virus

V (c)

    Influenzavirus A (G)

 

Influenza A virus

V (c)

    Influenzavirus B (G)

 

Influenza B virus

V (c)

    Thogoto virus (G)

 

 Dhori virus (Tick-borne orthomyxoviridae: Dhori)

 

 Thogoto virus (Tick-borne orthomyxoviridae: Thogoto)

 

  Papillomaviridae (F)

D (d)

  Parvoviridae (F)

 

    Erytroparvovirus (G)

 

Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (Human parvovirus, B 19 virus)

 

  Polyomaviridae (F)

 

    Betapoliomavirus (G)

 

Human polyomavirus 1 (BK virus)

D (d)

Human polyomavirus 2 (JC virus)

D (d)

  Poxviridae (F)

 

    Molluscipoxwirus (G)

 

Molluscum contagiosum virus

 

    Orthopoxvirus (G)

 

Cowpox virus

 

Vaccinia virus (incl. Buffalopox virus (e), Elephantpox virus (f), Rabbitpox virus (g))

 

    Parapoxvirus (G)

 

Orf virus

 

Pseudocowpox virus (Milkers’ node virus, parapoxvirus bovis)

 

    Yatapoxvirus (G)

 

Tanapox virus

 

Yaba monkey tumor virus

 

  Reoviridae (F)

 

    Seadornavirus (G)

 

Banna virus

 

Coltivirus (G)

 

Rotavirus (G)

 

Orbivirus (G)

 

  Retroviridae (F)

 

 (HTLV-2)

 

    Lentivirus (G)

 

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) ( h )

(8)

  Togaviridae (F)

 

    Alphavirus (G)

 

Bebaru virus

 

O’nyong-nyong virus

 

Ross River virus

 

Semliki Forest virus

 

Sindbis virus

 

Other alphaviruses known to be pathogenic

 

    Rubivirus (G)

 

Rubella virus

V

  Unassigned (F)

 

    Deltawirus (G)

 

Hepatitis delta virus (b)

V, D

PARASITES

Acanthamoeba castellani

 

Ancylostoma duodenale

 

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

 

Angiostrongylus costaricensis

 

Anisakis smplex

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Ascaris suum

A

Babesia divergens

 

Babesia microti

 

Balantidiwn coli

 

Brugia malayi

 

Brugia pahangi

 

Brugia timori

 

Capillaria philippinensis

 

Capillaria spp.

 

Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchis sinensis)

 

Clonorchis viverrini (Opisthorchis viverrini)

 

Cryptosporidium hominis

 

Cryptosporidium parvum

 

Cyclospora cayetanensis

 

Dicrocoelium dentriticum

 

Dipetalonema streptocerca

 

Diphyllobothrium latum

 

Dracunculus medinensis

 

Entamoeba histolytica

 

Enterobius vermicularis

 

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

 

Fasciola gigantica

 

Fasciola hepatica

 

Fasciolopsis buski

 

Giardia lamblia (Giardia intestinalis)

 

Heterophyes spp.

 

Hymenolepis diminuta

 

Hymenolepis nana

 

Leishmania major

 

Leishmania mexicana

 

Leishmania peruviana

 

Leishmania tropica

 

Leishmania spp.

 

Loa loa

 

Mansonella ozzardi

 

Mansonella perstans

 

Mansonella streptocerca

 

Metagonimus spp.

 

Necator americanus

 

Onchocerca volvulus

 

Opisthorchis felineus

 

Opisthorchis spp.

 

Paragonimus westermani

 

Plasmodium spp.

 

Sarcocystis suihominis

 

Schistosoma haematobium

 

Schistosoma intercalatum

 

Schistosoma japonicum

 

Schistosoma mansoni

 

Schistosoma mekongi

 

Strongyloides stercoralis

 

Strongyloides spp.

 

Taenia saginata

 

Toxocara canis

 

Toxocara cati

 

Toxoplasma gonidii (Toxoplazma)

 

Trichinella nativa

 

Trichinella nelsoni

 

Trichinella pseudospiralis

 

Trichinella spirali

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

 

Trichostrongylus orientalis

 

Trichuris trichiura

 

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

 

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

 

Wuchereria bancrofti

 

FUNGI

Aspergillus flavus

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

Candida albicans

A

Candida dubliniensis

 

Candida glabrata

 

Candida parapsilosis

 

Candida tropicalis

 

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neofonnans (Filobasidiella neofonnans var. neofonnans)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (Filobasidiella bacillispora)

A

Emmonsia parva var. parva

 

Emmonsia parva var. crescens

 

Epidermophyton floccosum

A

Epidermophyton spp.

 

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

 

Madurella grisea

 

Madurella mycetomatis

 

Microsporum spp.

A

Nannizzia spp.

 

Neotestudina rosatii

 

Paraphyton spp.

 

Scedosporium apiospermum

 

Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum)

 

Sporothrix schenckii

 

Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei)

A

Trichophyton rubrum (Grzyb czerwony)

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

A

Trichophyton spp.

 

PRION DISEASE AGENTS

Agent of Scrapie